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MIL-STD-1750A VMEbus SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER
GENERAL OVERVIEW The LVME/1750APM Single Board Computer (LVME/1750APM SBC) is a high performance VMEbus compatible module which implements the MIL-STD-1750A instruction Set Architecture (ISA). The LVME/1750APM was designed to function as a stand-alone microcomputer , as a single CPU/controller in VMEbus systems, or as a single CPU element in a multiprocessor VMEbus environment. At the core of the unit is the Performance Semiconductor Corp. P1750A CPU, operating at 20, 30, 40 MHz clock rate. The P1750A provides powerful machine resources and computational capabilities while able to execute the MIL-STD-1750A computer instruction set. The LVME/1750AP SBC can contain up to 64K words of on EPROM and up to 1M words of on-board static RAM with Error Detection and Correction or Parity Generation and Detection. Utilizing the P1753 Memory Management Unit (MMU) and a System Definition Register (SDR), the LVME/1750APM SBC is capable of accessing up to 8M words of external memory via the VMEbus. Also, two programmable multi protocol synchronous/ asynchronous serial interfaces are provided. LVME/1750APM sBC fully supports VME compatible multi master configurations and system expansion. SPECIFICATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MIL-SPEC COMPLIANCE. Temperature -40 degrees Centigrade to +85 degrees Centigrade. Shock (BENCH HANDLING) The LVME/1750APM will meet the full performance specifications after exposure to shocks encountered during bench handling specified in Procedure V of Method 516.2 of MIL-STD-810 Crash Safety The LVME/1750APM board and all mounting provisions will withstand the following load factors: Vibration Sine: 10G, 5 to 2,000 Hz, MIL-STD-810C Method 514.2 Procedure 1 Category B1 Curve H Random: 0.1G², 15 to 20 Hz, MIL-STD-810C Method 514.2 Procedure 1 Category B1 Curve H Reliability The LVME/1750APM board has an MTBF of 74,000 hours when calculated in accordance with MIL-STD-217E Notice 1 in an airborne inhabitated environment at +40°C. All microelectronic components are either MIL-STD-38510 Level B, or as a minimum MIL-STD-883B. all discrete semiconductors are in accordance with MIL-STA-710 and are procured to MIL-S-19500, JANTX, JANTXV or an equivalent specification. Solid tantalum capacitors are in accordance with ER level P or better per MIL-C-39003. Ceramic capacitors are ER level S per MIL-C-39014. MIL-E-5400 Class II Qualification The LVME/1750APM Single Board Computer has been qualified by the U.S. Air Force as compliant to with MIL-E-5400 Class II. MIL-E-5400 is the general specification for airborne avionics equipment. Class II is equipment qualified for use in high performance combat aircraft. This powerful, full military specification Single Board computer, is a superb solution for today's fast response, low NRE, performance improvement programs. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (Performance Semiconductor P1750A) FEATURES
MEMORY MANAGEMENT UNIT and BLOCK PROTECT UNIT. (Performance Semiconductor P1753) FEATURES
PROCESSOR INTERFACE CIRCUIT (Performance Semiconductor P1754) FEATURES
MEMORY CONFIGURATION AND ADDRESSING The dual-ported master/slave configuration of the LVME/1750APM SBC enables use of distributed processors and global memory. The memory addressing scheme provides the user with a flexible and efficient system. The LVME/1750APM SBC supports two jumper configurable memory modes of operation: a. Start-up ROM Option enabled. b. Start-up ROM Option Disabled Start-Up ROM Option Enabled. When Start-up ROM Option is enabled (following power-up or execution of Enable Start-up ROM instruction), all instruction fetches and operand reads are form on-board ROM. All operand stores are to the on-board or off-board RAM. The Start-Up ROM address ranges continuos starting from address 0 up to 0FFFFFH, as required by the system application. The on-board RAM address range is also continuous stating from address 0 to 3FFFFH when memory size is 256K words. When the Start-up ROM is disabled (following execution of the Disable Start-up ROM instruction), all instruction fetches, as well as operand reads and stores are from/to on-board./off-board RAM. Start-up ROM Option Disabled In this mode, the Start-up ROM enable output of the P1753 is not used. The ROM address range starts from 0 up to 07FFFH and the on-board RAM address starts from 8000H when memory size is 256K words. The on-board dual-port control logic permits access to on-board RAM via the VMEbus from any master. Segments of on-board RAM may be configured as a private resource protected from VMEbus access. The amount of memory allocated as a private resource is equal to the total on-board RAM less the amount allocated for the VMEbus off-board access. The segment size of the dual-port RAM as viewed by off-board masters, can be set via jumpers to 64K, 128K, 256K OR 512K words, but cannot exceed the maximum installed memory. Once the off-board segment size is set, it can be configured to reside anywhere in the 8M word VMEbus address space in increments equal to the selected segment size. Addresses above 1M word range are enabled by means of the System Definition Register SDR. These features allow multiprocessor systems to establish local memory for each processor and share VMEbus memory configurations in which total system memory size (including local on-board memory) can exceed one megaword without addressing conflicts and without violation of the MIL-STD-1750A addressing standard. VMEbus REQUESTER/ARBITER Systems, which permit multiple VMEbus masters to share the data transfer bus, must have an orderly method of dealing with concurrent bus requests. The VMEbus standard requires use of modules, which poses bus request and/or bus arbitration capabilities and the designation of a single VMEbus master as the system controller. The LVME/1750APM employs proprietary programmable logic to implement bus requester and arbiter functions that comply with all bus arbitration protocols of the VMEbus specification. Additional logic provides support of the VMEbus timing and drive requirements. The LVME/1750 APM may be configured as a system controller to provide the following system management and control functions:
When the LVME/1750APM SBC attempts to access an off-board VME bus module, the on-board Bus Controller logic provides a VMEbus request, arbitration and Data Transfer Bus (DTB) cycle to obtain or relinquish VMEbus mastership. Jumpers are provided to select one of the four VMEbus request levels to be used for arbitration. Bus Arbitration Modes Two bus arbitration modes are available; each differing in their willingness to relinquish bus mastership once it has been acquired. In the RELEASE-ON-REQUEST mode, the bus is held until another board asserts a bus request. The SINGLE-CYCLE mode (release when done) releases the bus at the conclusion of a single bus cycle, which may be read-modify-write, as well as a simple read or write cycle. VMEbus INTERFACE VMEbus is characterized by the asynchronous bi-directional operation required for complex high performance systems. The VMEbus interface on the LVME/1750APM SBC supports operation in a multiprocessing system and the full 16 megabytes address range. Access to the backplane address, data and control lines is provided by the triple row, 96-pin VMEbus connector. Pin assignments, connector physical characteristics and VMEbus signal and timing requirements are fully described in the VMEbus specification. The on-board logic, independent of the CPU, generates the signal handshaking and timing required by the VMEbus data transfer protocol. Bus Timer The bus timing of the LVME/1750APM SBC incorporates a mechanism for recovering from errors. It does so by reinitializing the time rate the beginning of each new memory or I/O cycle then terminating a data transfer cycle if a response is not received from a slave within a pre-selected period of time. The logic also monitors the local READY*, DTACK* and BERR* and halts the timer when any one of them is asserted in a normal data transfer sequence. If a time-out occurs before any one of them is asserted, RDY* is asserted to the CPU and an interrupt occurs. Operating Mode Control The LVME/1750APM SBC provides jumper selectable connections between the arbiter of the VMEbus system standard non-controller. Included are the output signal SYSCLK, the bi-directional signal SYSFAIL* and the RESET* input and output signals. When the LVME/1750AP is operated in the isolated mode, none of these signals are connected. Serial I/O The on-board two channel serial communication interface employs the Zilog Z8530 Multi-Protocol Serial Communication Controller (SCC). Two independent software selectable baud rate generators provide the SCC with all common communication frequency. Communication protocols (asynchronous, IBM bisync, or SDLC/HDLC), data fromats, control character formats, parity and baud rates are all programmable. Software interface witht he SCC can employ either polled or interrupt drive routines. Hardware options allow one channel to be configured as an RS232C, RS422 or RS485 interface whereas the second is RS232C only. The data, command and signal ground lines for each channel are made available via two standard headers. INTERRUPT HANDLING The LVME/1750AP SBC supports three classes of interrupts: a. Local b. Mailbox c. VMEbus Local Interrupts Local interrupts are those generated by on-board sources. Some local interrupts connect directly to the IOL1 interrupt line of the LVME/1750APM CPU whereas the reminder connect to the fault logic that sets the Fault Register and generates a machine error interrupt. A description of each type of local interrupt is as follows: SCCINT - Serial Communication Interrupt There are three types of SCCINT interrupts: Transmit, Receive and External/Status. Each type is enabled under program control with Channel A having higher priority than Channel B, and with Receive, Transmit and External./Status interrupts, prioritize in that order, within each channel. When the Transmit Interrupt is enabled, the CPU is interrupted whenever the transmit buffer have a data character written to into it beforehand so that it is able to become empty. When enabled, the receiver can interrupt the CPU in one of three ways:
Interrupt on First Character or Special Condition and Interrupt on Special Condition Only are generally used with the Block transfer mode. A Special Receive Condition is defined as one of the following; receiver overrun, framing error is Asynchronous mode, end-of-frame in SDLC mode and, optionally a parity error. The Special Receive Condition Interrupt differs from an ordinary Receive Character Available interrupts only in the Status that is placed in the vector during and Interrupt Acknowledge cycle. In Interrupt on First Receive Character, and interrupt can occur from Special Receive Conditions any time after the first receive character interrupt. The main function of the External/Status interrupt is to monitor the signal transitions of the CTS, DCD and SYNC pins. However, an External/Status interrupt can also be initialized by: a Transmit Underrun condition, a zero count in the baud rate generator, by the detection fo a Break (Asychronous mode), Abort (SDLC mode) or EOP (SDLC loop mode) sequence in the data stream. The interrupt caused by the Abort or EOP has a special feature allowing the SCC to interrupt even when an Abort or EOP sequence is detected and terminated. This feature facilitates proper termination of the current message, correct initialization of the next message, and the accurate timing of the Abort condition n external logic while in SDLC mode. In SDLC Loop mode, this feature allows secondary stations to recognize the need of the primary station to retain control of the loop during a poll sequence. MEM PRT ER* - Memory Protect Error This interrupt is used to inform the LVME/1750APM CPU of access faults, and execute or write protect violation. Bit 0 of the module Fault Register (FT) is set if this signal goes low during a memory cycle; bit 1 is set if it goes low during a DMA cycle. Either condition immediately sets pending interrupt level 1 and in the case of a memory cycle error, causes the currently executing MIL-STD-1750 A instruction to be aborted. MEM PAR ER* - Memory Parity Error Used to inform the LVME/1750APM that a parity error has been detected during memory transfer. Bit 2 of the LVME/1750A Fault Register (FT) is set and causes pending interrupt level 1 to be set. EX ADR ER* - External Address Error This signal informs the LVME/1750APM of the occurrence of a Bus Time-Out. Bit 8 of the module Fault Register (FT) is set if this signal goes low during a memory fault; bit 5 is set if it goes low during a I/O fault. As with the MEM PRT ER*, either condition immediately set pending interrupt level 1 and causes the currently executing MIL-STD-1750A instruction to be aborted. SYSTEM WD - System Fault This interrupt informs the LVME/1750APM CPU that a time-out of the Trigger GO software watchdog timer has occurred. Bits 13 and 15 of the Fault Register (FT) are set. Mailbox Interrupt This Mailbox Interrupt is generated any time a write is performed by an off-board CPU within the last 256 words of the on-board selected RAM segment. This interrupt provides a means for a master CPU to notify the LVME/1750APM SBC of the intent to establish a communication sequence. In systems with more than one master (or intelligent slaves), the Mailbox Interrupt also provides a unique interrupt method to each master outside of the normal seven VMEbus interrupt lines. Moreover, it enables a master to interrupt another master without the need for a conventional VMEbus interrupt. The Mailbox Interrupt is ORed with he SCCINT interrupt and connected to IOL1 int line. Software can recognize the specific interrupt by reading the IOIC1 register. VMEbus Interrupts ACFAIL* - Power Down Interrupt This sets pending interrupt 0 This is the highest priority interrupt and cannot be masked or disabled. (jumper selectable). SYSFAIL* - VMEbus System Failure This Signal is asserted whenever the VMEbus SYSFAIL* is active. Bit 7 of the Fault Register is set. (jumper selectable and Software Controlled) IRQ1* - IRQ7* - VMEbus Interrupt Request 1 to 7 The LVME/1750APM SBC interrupt handler is configured to prioritize VMEbus interrupt requests on any or all seven priority levels. When more than one LVME/1750APM SBC is utilized on the VMEbus in a multiprocessing environment, each LVME/1750APM is configured to handle a particular subset of the VMEbus interrupt lines. Vectors for IRQ1* through IRQ7* are read from the DTB during an interrupt acknowledge. After gaining bus mastership, the LVME/1750APM SBC places on the lower three address lines the interrupt level to be acknowledged and activates IACK ( along with the appropriate strobe signals. The interrupting device then places the interrupt vector on the lower data byte lines and acknowledges the data transfer. IRQ1* through IRQ7* are connected to the PACE/1750A interrupts WATCH-DOG TIMER The LVME/1750APM utilizes the Trigger-Go-Reset to implement a WatchDog timer that interrupts the CPU whenever it fails to be reset by software. The timer itself is implemented on the P1754 (PIC) and enables WatchDog timer periods form 1uSec up to 1 minute. SYSTEM DEFINITION REGISTER (SDR) The LVME/1750APM SDR is a 16-bit register, which resides in the local I/O space fo the CPU and is addressed with an XIO write command to the I/O address 0410H. The function of each bit is as follows:
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION REGISTER (SCR) The System Configuration Register (SCR) can be read during initialization to establish system configuration. The function of each bit is as follows:
The SCR is a read-only register, which is automatically updated by an I/O read cycle at address 8410H after Reset or upon execution of the breakpoint instruction (BPT). LED DISPLAY INDICATORS Three LEDs are positioned at the front edge of the LVME/1750APM board to provide a visual indication of its status. One indicates whether the system controller is enabled the second provides an indication of a BERR while the third provides indication of a failure. VMEbus CONNECTOR P1 The electrical and mechanical characteristics of VMEbus P1 are fully described in the VMEbus specification document. The P1 connector provides all signals required to integrate the LVME/1750APM SBC into a VME environment. The basic components fot he VMEbus are a 16-bit data bus, a 23-bit address bus, 37 signal lines and the power and ground lines. The SBC is designed to handle all prioritized interrupt levels. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT LITAL provides development support tools for the LVME/1750APM SBC as follows:
ADA compilers, Jovial compilers and assemblers that generate MIL-STD-1750A object code are available from third party sources and are generally hosted on minicomputers or workstations. MIL-STD-1750A code generated by these compilers can easily be downloaded into the LVME/1750APM board memory and debugged using one of the available development tools described below. In-Circuit Emulator The LITAL model P1750A In-Circuit Emulator provides the necessary link between the Hewlett-Packard HP64000 development station and the "target" LVME/1750APM SBC. A combination of existing Hewlett-Packard analysis products and the LITAL P1750A ICE yields a powerful set of development and debug capabilities. The HP 64857A 1750 Assembler/Linker offers full product support for P1750A assembly level code generation. The Assembler generates MIL-STD-1750A object code for either MIL-STD-1750 mnemonics the IEEE/GD mnemonics. Relocatable object modules are passed to the Linker to create an executable absolute file. The Linker also maintains a symbol table with cross-reference information for debugging convenience. Additional software development tools are available on a variety of computers and can be used to write code for P1750A microprocessors. Also, using the terminal mode, files can be downloaded to take advantage of the highly optimized debugging tools of the HP64000 Development System. Some of the key features of the LITAL P1750A In-Circuit Emulator include:
LBUG/1750AP Monitor The LITAL LBUG/1750AP Debug Monitor package provides the necessary hardware, software EPROM's and documentation required to interface, through a serial connection, the LVME/1750APM SBC to any software development system for execution and interactive debugging of application software on the target system. This monitor provides the ability to: Load programs into the target system, execute the programs instruction by instruction or at full speed, set breakpoints and examine/modify CPU registers, memory content and other crucial environment details. LVME/1750APM 
The LITAL LMVE/1750APM Single Board Computer is a militarized high performance member of LITAL's line of MIL-STD-1750A Single Board Computers. The LVME/1750APM resides on a IEEE 1101.2 compatible VMEbus module, and is designed for use in militarized or ruggedized severe environment applications. The LVME/1750APM board takes full advantage of the VMEbus architecture and can provide a high performance single CPU system or a powerful element in highly integrated multi-processing applications. | ||
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